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Reference Help
- Use our online email form. Most responses within 1 business day.
- Call (806) 651-2215 during library hours
- Stop by the first floor reference desk anytime the library is open
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Other Departments
Get Help with BUSI 3312
Need Help?
*Contact Carolyn Ottoson (651-2204) cottoson@wtamu.edu
Govt Docs Dept on the 2nd floor
Connecting From Home
To connect to databases from home, you will need to use Buff Advisor login. Example:
js123456
Buffalo3s
Basic Information
What is a Citation?
For a case, the citation is:
● volume number
● name of book (the “case reporter”—often abbreviated)
● first page number of the case
◘ Example: 542 U.S. 1
◘ Example: 124 S. Ct. 2301
◘ Example: 159 L. Ed. 2d 98
● 542 U.S. 1 is a U.S. Supreme court case. It is printed in
volume 542 of United States Reports . Page 1 is the first
page of the case.
● TIP: All the above citations are for the same case, but printed
In different books by different publishers!
What to “Brief” – U.S. Supreme Court Case:
► Syllabus – written by Supreme Court employee, not judge.
Has summary & holdings. Not the “Opinion.” Do not brief it.
► Opinion – appears after Case Summary, Headnotes, Decision,
Summary, Syllabus, Counsel, Judges. Any information before
Opinion (except syllabus) is written by the publisher and could be
incorrect, so do not rely on it. Brief the Opinion. Do not brief the
information before the Opinion.
► Concurring or dissenting opinions – IF written for a case, will
have the heading “CONCUR” or “DISSENT”. These are printed
after the Opinion of the case, so may appear to be part of the text
of the opinion. But not the Opinion. Still, may want to brief.
► Footnotes – sometimes easier to read a case by penciling
an “X” through every footnote. Then read the case. Next, go
back to read the footnotes.
► Easiest way to read a case – find it in print in the library, if
available. (Some newer cases have link to PDF!)
Ask a Librarian
or text to: (806) 337-0808


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